1961-2017年东帕米尔高原极端升温过程气候变化特征

利用塔什库尔干、吐尔尕特和乌恰3个气象站1961年1月1日至2017年12月31日的逐日最高气温,建立了中巴经济走廊北端东帕米尔高原单站升温过程数据库,用百分位法基于综合强度指标遴选出极端升温过程,对比分析了该区域塔什库尔干等3站的极端升温过程频数、强度气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)1961—2017年,东帕米尔高原塔什库尔干共出现489次极端升温过程,平均每年出现8.6次。塔什库尔干极端升温过程平均持续3.6 d,以持续3 d的最多,占24.7%,吐尔尕特和乌恰以持续2～3 d的极端升温过程为主。塔什库尔干的极端升温过程在7月出现最多,吐尔尕特在5月最多,乌恰在1月最多。(2)塔什库尔干综合强度最强的1次升温过程出现在2008年2月20—21日。东帕米尔高原3站的极端升温过程综合强度均在冬季最强。(3)57 a来,东帕米尔高原塔什库尔干年极端升温过程频数呈显著的线性增加趋势,增加率为0.57次·(10a)~(-1),进入21世纪以来,极端升温过程相对频发,年际间变率加剧。吐尔尕特与乌恰的线性变化趋势不显著。(4)57 a来,塔什库尔干的极端升温过程强度呈显著的线性增强趋势,且近年来年际间变化幅度加剧;乌恰的过程强度略呈下降趋势,近年来年际间变化幅度趋于平缓。总之,塔什库尔干7月的极端升温过程最多,57 a来年极端升温过程频数显著增多、强度显著增强,近年来极端升温过程频数及强度的年际间变化幅度均加剧,造成东帕米尔高原区域融冰(雪)洪水及其衍生地质灾害频发,风险加剧。     

Effect of Jieyuwan on depression-like behaviors and expression of BDNF in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of WKY rats

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of depression and its development, and to study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with Jieyuwan. METHODS:Adult male WKY rats were used as an animal model of endogenous depression. Wistar rats of the same strain were selected as control group. WKY rats were randomly divided into model group, citalopram group and Jieyuwan group. After intragastric administration for 21 d, the changes of depression-like behaviors were observed by sucrose preference test and forced swimming test. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS:WKY rats showed significant depression-like behaviors, and the expression of BDNF was significantly decreased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (P<0.01). The reduction of neuronal axons in hippocampus was also observed. After drug treatment, the depression-like behaviors of WKY rats were significantly attenuated, and the expression of BDNF and the number of axons were increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Jieyuwan effectively attenuates the depression-like behaviors of WKY rats, and BDNF is a key factor in its antidepressant effect. Our findings further confirm the involvement of BDNF in the development of depression.     

Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells HCC827

AIM: To investigate the effect of shikonin on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells induced by HGF were treated with shikonin and gefitinibthe alone or in combination. The inhibition rates of cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The invasive ability of HCC827 cells with HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib was determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathway in the HCC827 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of HCC827 cells was significantly inhibited by shikonin in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of shikonin in HCC827 cells was 3.06 μmol/L. And the IC₅₀ of gefitinib in HCC827 cells was 0.51 μmol/L. Under the condition of combined treatment with shikonin and gefitinib in the presence of HGF (20 μg/L), the IC₅₀ of gefitinib was 7.36 μmol/L, significantly lower than that treated with gefitinib alone (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell migration (P<0.01). HGF induced EMT, while shikonin reversed this effect. The protein expression level of p-AKT was significantly up-regulated by HGF, while markedly down-regulated treatment with shikonin and gefitinib compared with gefitinib alone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and the mechanism may be likely related to the preventon of EMT and the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of p-AKT signaling pathway.     

鸡流行性腹泻病原的分离鉴定及特性研究

用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒．     

法氏囊活性肽在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

法氏囊活性肽（Bursin,BS)作为一种免疫增强剂，临床应用广泛，为了大量制备BS，按大肠杆菌惯用密码子合成BS基因。并用色氨酸将5个BS基因串联，克隆于质粒pU57的SmaI位点，经测序证明序列正确后，以PCR扩增，克隆于表达载体pBV220的EcoRI,HinDⅢ位点，温敏诱导表达，其表达水平占全菌总蛋白的13.4%。     

茶多酚(TP)对家禽免疫功能的研究

选用14日龄健康的海佩科内用仔鸡48羽,随机分成试验(24羽)和对照(24羽)两组.试验组在饲粮中添加0.25％的茶多酚(TP),研究TP对鸡免疫功能的作用.试验结果表明,TP对自然感染法氏囊病鸡,有明显提高(p<0.05)鸡血液中红细胞C_(3b)受体和免疫复合物的含量及保护鸡脾脏正常的免疫功能,同时也发现TP对公母鸡法氏囊的重量有不同影响.本试验表明,TP具有提高家禽免疫功能的作用.     

论外来词

随着科学技术的迅猛发展以及我国对外交往的日益频繁,外来词（借词）特别是英语词汇越来越多地渗透到我们的日常生活中.不少人对此表现出了很深的忧虑：这会不会破坏汉语文字的纯洁性？本文主要对外来词所涉及的内容、存在的依据、借用的形式以及应用等方面进行探讨,并着重指出外来词不会影响汉语的纯洁性;相反,外来词的借入会不断地丰富我们的语言宝库,因此人们应该以一种更开放的心态来吸纳外来词.     

武功山国家森林公园的自然生态化规划设计实践

森林是重要的自然资源，在开发方式上应十分慎重。以自然生态化规划设计思想作为指导思想，进行了武功山国家森林公园的规划和设计，进行了森林公园可持续规划设计的探索。     

湘西北美味牛肝菌的生态研究

美味牛肝菌菌体较大 ,菌肉肥厚 ,菌柄粗壮 ,食味浓香可口 ,属珍贵食用菌之一。不仅可食用 ,也可药用。本文就笔者 2 0 0 0年 5月以来 ,对湘西北美味牛肝菌的分布及生态研究的结果予以报告。     

不同方法构建磺胺二甲氧嘧啶免疫抗原的比较研究

为探讨合成磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)免疫抗原的有效途径,采用重氮偶合法和戊二醛法分别合成SDM免疫抗原,并对其结构特征、光谱特征和SDM结合比进行比较.结果表明,在合成SDM-BSA中采用重氮偶合法比戊二醛法好.